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Breast cancer surgery

Breast cancer surgery is a key component of the treatment plan for many individuals diagnosed with breast cancer. The type of surgery recommended depends on several factors, including the size and stage of the tumor, the type of breast cancer, the patient's overall health, and their personal preferences.

There are several types of breast cancer surgeries:

1.Lumpectomy (Breast-Conserving Surgery): In a lumpectomy, the surgeon removes the tumor along with a surrounding margin of healthy tissue. This approach is typically used for smaller tumors and is often followed by radiation therapy to ensure that any remaining cancer cells are eradicated. Lumpectomy preserves most of the breast tissue, aiming to maintain the breast's appearance and shape.

2.Mastectomy: A mastectomy involves the complete removal of the breast tissue. There are different types of mastectomy:

3.Axillary Lymph Node Dissection: If cancer is present in the axillary lymph nodes, a surgical procedure might be done to remove a portion of these lymph nodes to determine the extent of spread and to guide further treatment decisions.

4.Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: This procedure involves removing only a few sentinel lymph nodes, which are the first lymph nodes to which cancer is likely to spread. If these nodes are clear of cancer cells, it's unlikely that cancer has spread further, and more extensive lymph node removal might not be necessary.

5.Breast Reconstruction: For those who undergo mastectomy, breast reconstruction can be performed immediately or at a later time. Reconstruction can involve implants, tissue expanders, or using the patient's own tissue (autologous reconstruction).

6.Oncoplastic Surgery: This is a combination of cancer surgery and plastic surgery techniques to achieve better cosmetic outcomes, especially after lumpectomy.

The choice of surgery is made in consultation with a multidisciplinary medical team, including surgeons, oncologists, and other specialists. The goal is to tailor the treatment plan to the patient's individual needs and preferences while ensuring the best chances for long-term cancer control and quality of life.

Breast cancer surgery is often just one aspect of a comprehensive treatment plan that might also include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these treatments. It's important for individuals diagnosed with breast cancer to work closely with their medical team to make informed decisions about their treatment options based on their unique circumstances.